Ergot is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. It occurs in summer when ergots (or sclerotia) develop on seed heads.

 

Species affected

Many grasses, including ryegrass, paspalum and brome species.

 

Identification

Ergots are dark purplish-black, replacing a seed in the seed head. They are usually larger than seed, and protrude from the floret.

 

Spread

Ergots drop to the ground and lie dormant through winter. In spring they germinate, producing spores, to infect developing florets. Infected florets produce a sticky mass of spores called ‘honey dew’ that attracts insects, which can spread infection. It is also spread in infested hay.

 

Prevention and management

Ergot contains alkaloids, which if ingested in large quantities, may cause heat stress, lameness and ill-health.
Graze or top pastures to minimise seed head and ergot problems. If ergots are visible, top the pasture.

 

 

Ergots (sclerotia) developing in a ryegrass seed head.